Application of Biotechnology in Medical sector.

Enzyme replacement therapy: When an organism’s body or cell are unable to produce any enzyme in the right quantity as a result of a genetic fault then the body of this organism cannot perform its normal function. Then it shows some symptoms of disease or abnormality. Biotechnology can solve this problem through In-vitro technique. Biotechnology can produce an enzyme and administered it to the person as a medicine that takes over the function of a similar enzyme that the person's own cells.

Gene therapy: This means using genes as medicine, for a person whose own genes have a fault. Genetic engineering can introduce a new gene into the person through In-vivo method. This gene can protect for the incorrect expression of own gene, and may also involve other action to stimulate an inactive gene.

Stem cell therapy: Stem cell is the special type of cell which has properties that enable them to grow into a variety of different tissue types. The knowledge of biotechnology is able to replace it for solving a particular tissue related health problem.

Xeno-transplantation of cells from animals to humans: This means collecting tissue from other animal species and transplanting it into a person, to replace or supplement particular tissue that is affected by a genetic condition. This technology also is used for other purposes such as heart valve replacements or skin grafts.

Targeted drug therapies: This means using the precise knowledge of the function of a gene, and the protein or enzyme it produces, to produce a drug that is intended to act only on that particular enzyme or protein, and produce a correction of its deficiency, or excess.

Cloning: Cloning is a technique that  involves the removal of the nucleus from one cell and its placement in an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has either been deactivated or removed. The cloning may be two purposes. In case of  reproductive cloning, After a few divisions, the egg cell is placed into a uterus where it is allowed to develop into a fetus that is genetically identical to the donor of the original nucleus. On the other hand, In case of  therapeutic cloning, the egg is placed into a petri dish where it develops into embryonic stem cells, which have shown potentials for treating several diseases or disorder. In February 1997, cloning became the focus of media attention when Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute announced the successful cloning of a sheep, named Dolly. 

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